REPORTED SPEECH

 1.- STATEMENTS

DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
Present Simple “I work in a café “, she said	Past Simple She said she worked in a café
Present Continuous “ I’m having a shower”, she said	Past Continuous She said she was having a shower
Past Simple “I went to the cinema yesterday”, Mike said	Past Perfect Mike said he had gone to the cinema the day before.
Present Perfect Simple “We have already finished”, the students said.	Past Perfect Simple The students said they had already finished.
Future WILL “It will rain tomorrow”, the weatherman said	Conditional WOULD The weatherman said that it would rain the following day.
CAN “I can help you”, the teacher said	COULD The teacher said she could help me.
MUST “You must pay this fine”, the policeman said	HAD TO The policeman said that I had to pay that fine
MAY “It may rain”, she said	MIGHT She said that it might rain.

OTHER CHANGES:

TIME AND PLACE ADVERBS CHANGES

Today	That day
Tomorrow	The next day/ the following day
Yesterday	The previous day / the day before
Two days ago	Two days before/ two days earlier
Now	Then
Next week	The following week
Last week	The previous week/ the week before
Here	There

*** También cambian los pronombres personales, determiantes posesivos y pronombres objeto.

REPORTING VERBS.- Estos son algunos verbos que introducen el ESTILO INDIRECTO.

ACCEPT → aceptar	AGREE → acordar / estar de acuerdo
ADD→ añadir	MENTION → mencionar
COMPLAIN→ quejarse	REPLY → contestar
ANNOUNCE → anunciar	DECLARE → declarar
EXPLAIN → explicar	INSIST → insistir
RECOMMEND → recomendar	SAY → decir
TELL → decir	SUGGEST→ sugerir
PREDICT → predecir	WARN → advertir

Examples:

“I’ve lost my sense of humour”, he said    →   He said that he had lost his sense of humour.

“We’ll stay here tonight”, he said   → He said that they would stay there that night.

2.- REPORTED QUESTIONS

a) Preguntas cuya respuesta es YES/NO y no llevan partícula interrogativa

“Are you tired of having the same English teacher?”, Rocío asked us.

Rocío asked us IF / WHETHER we were tired of having the same English teacher.

b) Preguntas que comienzan con una partícula interrogativa ( who, why, when, how, what, …).

“ Why are you Laughing?”, she asked.  →  She asked why we were laughing.

*** RECUERDA. En el estilo indirecto NO DEBES UTILIZAR EL SIGNO DE INTERROGACIÓN (?).

                               En el estilo indirecto las preguntas siguen el orden normal de una oración enunciativa (sujeto + verbo + complementos)

3.- REPORTED COMMANDS AND REQUESTS ( órdenes y peticiones)

Ya sabemos que utilizamos el IMPERATIVO para dar órdenes y hacer peticiones. Al pasar éstas a ESTILO INDIRECTO (REPORTED SPEECH) se emplea la siguiente fórmula:

SUJETO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO + TO INFINITIVO

“Stop making noise”, she ordered   → SHE ORDERED THEM TO STOP MAKING NOISE

“Don´t talk in class”, she asked them →SHE ASKED THEM NOT TO TALK IN CLASS

“Let’s run the marathon”, she encouraged us → SHE ENCOURAGED US TO RUN THE MARATHON

Estos son algunos de los verbos que se utilizan para dar órdenes o hacer peticiones en estilo indirecto:

Advise (aconsejar), ask (pedir),encourage (animar, motivar),invite (invitar),order (ordenar), persuade (persuadir), remind (recordar),tell (decir),warn (avisar)